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Chhattisgarh was carved out from Madhya Pradesh, on 1 November 2000. The state, which was referred to with several names like Dakshin Koshal, Ratnapur, Mahakoshal, Cheddisgarh and Chattisghar, is now officially called Chhattisgarh. The movement for a separate Chhattisgarh started from the early twenties and became a reality only in the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Today, Chhattisgarh is a fast developing state. It is divided into 18 districts which include: Kawardha, Raigarh, Koriya, Durg, Kanker (North Bastar), Bijapur, Rajnandgaon, Bastar, Surguja, Narayanpur, Bilaspur, Dhamtari, Dantewada(South Bastar),Koraba, Mahasamund and Janjgir-Champa. The northern and southern portion of this state is hilly, while the central portion has a fertile belt of plains. Mahanadi is the geographically important river here. Raipur is the capital city, and also happens to be the largest city in this state. The other important cities include Bastar, Durg and Bilaspur.
Chhattisgarh has a rich reserve of minerals. Diamond mines, coal, iron, etc. all make the state's economy prolific. After the bifurcation of this state from Madhya Pradesh, the new state produces 30 percent of the mineral output of the old state. The presence of a variety of minerals has given a great push to mineral-based industries in the state.
Presence of a variety of mineral-based industries fuels the growth of the business and economy in Chhattisgarh. The Bhilai Steel Plant in the city of Bhilai benefits the state's economy to a great extent. BALCO Aluminum Plant in Korba, NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.) again in Korba, S.E.C Railway Zone and S.E.C.L (South Eastern Coal Fields Ltd.) are major contributor's to the state's economy. Korba in Chhattisgarh is the power hub of the country.
Agriculture is a predominant occupation in Chhattisgarh. The central plains of Chhattisgarh are referred to as the 'rice bowl' of India. Paddy is cultivated here to a large extent. Crops like coarse grains, maize, wheat, pulses, oilseeds and groundnut are cultivated here on a large scale. The region has abundant capacity for cultivation of fruits like mango, banana, guava, apricot and other varieties of crops and vegetables. The business and economy of Chhattisgarh is boosted greatly by the agricultural sector
Minor forest produce like lac, tendu leaves, bamboo, honey, sal, seed, etc. contribute in their own way to the state's economy. Special attention is being paid to management of the state's resources to boost the use of irrigation facilities in the state. Allied to agriculture, horticulture is practiced here on a large scale.
Animal husbandry is also a widely practiced occupation in the state of Chhattisgarh. Animals like horse, sheep, cows, hens, etc. are bred here on a large scale. The state's animal husbandry department is taking great efforts to make animal husbandry a profitable profession in the state.
The tribal groups and socio-economically backward groups here contribute to the business and economy of Chhattisgarh through fish culture. Fish culture and fish farming are emerging as important occupations in Chhattisgarh.
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