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The state of Madhya Pradesh has adopted a unicameral legislature, which comprises 27 constituencies. The state has 48 districts, out of which 18 have a predominantly tribal population. These 48 districts are grouped in eight divisions, which are Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Chambal, Ujjain, Rewa and Sagar. The state legislative assembly or Vidhan Sabha of Madhya Pradesh has 230 seats. The literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh, according to 2001 census, is 64.11 percent, and its official language is Hindi. Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, and Ujjain, Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, etc. are other important cities of the state.
The leading political parties of Madhya Pradesh are Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress. The present Chief Minister of the state is Shivraj Chauhan. Other parties, which have presence in the state, include BSP, CPI, CPI(M), NCP, SP and JDS.
Over the years, the politics of Madhya Pradesh has also given rise to a number of marginalized political outfits from time to time. These amateurish and sometimes attention-seeking political endeavours include Jit Jitayi, Madhya Pradesh Kisan Mazdoor Adivasi Kranti Dal, Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress and Pragatisheel Bahujan Samaj Party. The Jit Jitayi political party is one of its kind. This party that came into being in Madhya Pradesh on 17 October 2003 is run by eunuchs. The party President is Suraiya. The Madhya Pradesh Kisan Mazdoor Adivasi Kranti Dal is led by Dr.Sunilal. It was formed as a breakaway faction from CPI (M) in 2001.
The Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress was founded by former Aviation Minister and scion of the scindia family, the late Madhavrao Scindia, in 1996. The party had a short life; it lasted till 1998. The Pragatisheel Bahujan Samaj Party currently supports a Congress-led alliance called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) in the centre. The Pragatisheel Bahujan Samaj party was formed on October 27 1999 in Madhya Pradesh, when four out of eleven BSP members of the legislative assembly of Madhya Pradesh broke away to form a separate political entity.
To sum-up, presently the predominant current in Madhya Pradesh politics is right-centric, with BJP government ruling the roost. However, voices of dissension are also ripe, leading to a diverse political climate.
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