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In terms of employment, the business and economy of Rajasthan is predominantly pastoral and agricultural. Business and economy of Rajasthan include agriculture, industries, mining and tourism as well.
Agriculture in Rajasthan
Agriculture is the main occupation in Rajasthan. It gives a significant contribution to the business and economy of Rajasthan. However, the major part of the state is dry and infertile. Hence, agriculture is very difficult in Rajasthan. Total cultivated area is about 20 million hectares. Out of this, only 20 percent land is being irrigated. The farmers have to rely on various sources of irrigation such as wells, tanks and tube wells. The ground water level is at the depth of 30-61m.
The Rabi and Kharif are the two main crop seasons in Rajasthan. The chief Rabi crops are wheat, barley, gram, oil seeds and pulses. The Kharif crops include jowar, bajra, maize, pulses and ground nuts. The highly irrigated regions are utilized to cultivate the high-yielding varieties of rice. In some regions, the cash crops like cotton and tobacco are grown. The fruits like guavas, pomegranates, oranges, mangoes and lemon can be seen. Rajasthan is one of the largest producers of edible oils in India. It is the second largest producer of the oilseeds. It is also the largest wool-producing state of India.
Industrial growth in Rajasthan
The industrial development in Rajasthan took place during 1950s and 1960s. As a consequence the business and economy of Rajasthan has developed an impressive industrial base. There are many small and large industries in Jaipur, Bhilwara, Kota and Udaipur. The major industries in Rajasthan pertain to rugs, textiles, dyes, vegetable oils and woolen goods. The heavy industries in Rajasthan are zinc and copper smelting, and manufacture of the railway rolling stock.
Other industries include cement, electronic, steel, ceramics and glass wares, stone, leather and footwear and chemical industries. The industrial sector contributes about 32.5 percent of the total GDP in the state. Rajasthan is particularly popular for the textile industry, cement industry, chemical industry and salt production.
Mining in Rajasthan
Mining is also the main part of business and economy of Rajasthan. Rajasthan is the second largest mineral producing state in the country. Rajasthan produces about 42 major and 23 minor types of minerals. The mining industry provides employment to about two million mine workers in the state. The large sandy expanse of Rajasthan has an impressive reservoir of silver, phosphate, phosphorite, copper ore, phosphate fluoride, rock, marble, zinc, calcite, garnets, dolomite, clay, sandstone, emeralds, granite and gypsum.
Rajasthan is the largest producer of non-ferric metals like zinc and copper. It also contributes 85 percent of lead production, 76 percent of silver ore production, 89 percent of asbestos production, 93 percent of gypsum production, 68 percent of feldspar production and 12 percent of mica production of India. It also contributes about 65 percent of stone production in India. About 90 percent of slate, sandstone and marble in India are produced in Rajasthan. There are rich salt deposits at Sambhar. Khetri has large copper mines and Dariba is the home to zinc mines. Markana has the marble mine.
Tourism
As Rajasthan is blessed with natural beauty, tourism is also the main source of business and economy of Rajasthan. The major tourist attractions in Rajasthan are the lakes of Udaipur, forts of Jodhpur, palaces of Jaipur, and the cities like Jaisalmer and Bikaner, where history resonate with its singular charm.
Besides tourism, the other sectors of service are also showing signs of progress in Rajasthan. Presently, the services sector contributes 45 percent to the GDP of the state.
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